葫蘆就是抗癌藥

15/11/13的分享日誌提及葫蘆就是抗癌藥

 

我們往往不知葫蘆賣甚麼藥,原來葫蘆本身就是藥.顧小培在信報2009年9月7日 「葫蘆」:

Cucurbitacin(姑且譯作「葫蘆素」),這東西可真是寶。向各位介紹其好處之前,不妨先數說些有關葫蘆的有趣資料。

 

葫蘆是道家常用的器皿之一,將果肉除去曬乾後作容器,以其形狀身大口小,可以聚氣,故用以載仙丹;仙丹也屬藥,因此,醫生乃是「懸壺濟世」。在《西遊記》中,孫悟空在太上老君的丹房裏面看見有一個丹灶,也就是鍊丹的火爐,「爐中有火;爐左右安放五個葫蘆,葫蘆裏都是煉就的金丹」。八仙中的鐵拐李,手拿的也是葫蘆,與呂洞賓的劍、張果老的魚鼓、韓湘子的笛、曹國舅的笏、漢鍾離的芭蕉扇、何仙姑的荷花、藍采和的花籃,合稱「八寶」。葫蘆乾了之後木質化,可以用來盛水盛酒、作水杯水壺使用。造出來的杯叫「巹」,婚禮中一對新人互相獻酒,叫「合巹交杯」,正如《帝女花》中歌詞:「再合巹交杯,墓穴作新房,待千秋歌讚註駙馬在靈牌上」。《論語》〈雍也〉篇,孔子讚顏回安貧樂道,說:「賢哉!回也!一簞食,一瓢飲,在陋巷,人不堪其憂,回也不改其樂」;這個「瓢」,乃是將葫蘆剖開造成的勺子。葫蘆又名「匏」,中國古代的樂器,用八種材料造成,是為「八音」,包括金、石、絲、竹、匏、土、革、木,其中的「匏」,正是來自葫蘆。

 

癌(腫瘤)在增生過程中,要靠血液運來營養,於是借用血管中的「內皮細胞生長因子」(Endothelial Growth Factor, EGF),開闢新的微血管引血到自己跟前。藥廠乃推出「標靶藥」針對 EGF,包括 Avastin 和 Sutent;對付肺癌的則有 Tarceva 和 Iressa。這類藥與化療藥比較,好處是病人痛苦較少,但壞處是令癌更能擴散(Cancer Cell, Vol.15, pp.220-231;pp.231-239);且售價高昂。若想協助身體機能將 EGF 的助癌機制截斷,可以用補健食品。原來,EGF 之所以能替癌細胞「助紂為虐」,全靠一個叫Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3(STAT-3)的蛋白質。上述的葫蘆素,能抑制 STAT-3,從而對付腦癌(Int. J. Cancer, Vol.123, pp.1364-1375)、黑色素癌(Immunol. Cell Biol., Vol.86, pp.506-514)、肝癌(Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., Vol.63, pp.635-642)、血癌(Leuk. Res., Vol.32, pp.1366-1373)、乳癌(Cancer Sci., Vol.99, pp.1793-1797)、肺腺癌(Cancer Res., Vol.63, pp.1270-1279)、非小細胞肺癌(Planta Med., Vol.74, pp.1741-1744)、腸癌(Biochem. Pharmacol., Vol.76, pp.198-207)、胰臟癌(Cancer Res., Vol.69, pp.5876-5884)、前列腺癌(Biochem. Pharmacol., Vol.52, pp.1553-1560)及鼻咽癌(J. Pharm. Sci., Vol.73, pp.411-413)。

 

顧小培十年間只提及這物質一次,上網再找,發現有很多細分的葫蘆素,有葫蘆素A 至T,有需要的朋友再仔細研究.2005年有一篇論文

Anticancer and antiinflammatory activities of cucurbitacins fromCucurbita andreana

 

Abstract 

Bioassay-guided purification of an extract of Cucurbita andreana fruits yielded cucurbitacins B (1), D (2), E (3), and I (4). These cucurbitacins were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the growth of human colon (HCT-116), breast (MCF-7), lung (NCI-H460), and central nervous system (CNS) (SF-268) cancer cell lines, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes and on lipid peroxidation. Inhibitory activities of cucurbitacins B (1), D (2), E (3) and I (4), respectively, were for colon 81.5, 80.4, 77, and 65% at 0.4 μM, breast 87, 78, 66.5, and 12% at 0.4 μM, lung 96, 43, 37 and 2% at 0.1 μM and CNS 92, 25, 24 and 4% at 0.05 μM. Adriamycin (doxorubicin) was used as a positive control, which showed 64, 47, 45 and 71% inhibition of HCT-116 (colon), MCF-7 (breast), NCI-H460 (lung) and SF-268 (CNS) cell lines, respectively, at 0.3×10−5M. Compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 inhibited the COX-2 enzyme by 32, 29, 35, and 27%, respectively, at 100 μg/ml. However these compounds did not inhibit the COX-1 enzyme at this concentration. Ibuprofen, naproxen and vioxx, commercial antiinflammatory drugs, were tested as controls for the inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes at concentrations of 2.1, 2.5 and 1.67 μg/ml, respectively. Ibuprofen and naproxen exhibited 59 and 95% COX-1, and 53 and 79% COX-2 inhibitory activities, respectively. Vioxx showed specific COX-2 inhibition by 71%. Also, cucurbitacins 1 and 4 inhibited lipid peroxidation by 59 and 23%, respectively, at 100 μg/ml.